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Indirect speech

1) Согласование времен.

He says – далее может идти любое время.

He said – только прошедшие и будущее в прошедшем.

2) Глаголы, которые можно употреблять для Indirect Speech

Say, tell, ask, explain, request, wonder, add

3) Иногда можно обойтись и без связки THAT

I suggest we start = I suggest that we start

4) Что нужно менять:

Pronouns (местоимения)

He says “I am very clever” – He says he is very clever.

Указатели времени и места

this -that

these — those

here — there

now — then / at the time

today — that day / yesterday

yesterday — the day before / the previous day

a week ago / last week — a week before / the previous week

last month — the month before / the previous month

next year — the following year

in three years — three years from then

Времена, после «He said»

Present.*  – на Past.*  (Present Simple/Continuous/Perfect/Perfect Continuous  на Past ….)

Past Simple  на Past Perfect

Future.* – на Future in the Past.*

Модальные глаголы

Direct speech — Reported speech

Will -Would

She said, «I will eat cheese.»

She said she would eat cheese.

Can — Could

She said, «I can eat cheese.»

She said she could eat cheese.

Must — Had to

She said, «I must eat cheese.»

She said she had to eat cheese.

Shall — Should

She said, «I shall eat cheese.»

She said she should eat cheese.

May — Might

She said, «I may eat cheese.»

She said she might eat cheese.

Модальные глаголы НЕ меняются

Direct speech — Reported speech

Would

She said, «I would eat cheese.»

She said she would eat cheese.

Could

She said, «I could eat cheese.»

She said she could eat cheese.

Should

She said, «I should eat cheese.»

She said she should eat cheese.

Might

She said, «I might eat cheese.»

She said she might eat cheese.

Ought to

She said, «I ought to eat cheese.»

She said she ought to eat cheese.

5) Вопросы в косвенной речи.

Из обратного порядка – прямой порядок слов.

Общие вопросы – If, Whether

She asked, «Are you well?»

She asked if I was well.

6) Просьбы и приказы становятся инфинитивом.

"Go home," she told me.

She told me to go home.

"Start talking," he told us.

He told us to start talking.